astronomylabMeet the Moon
Measure the stars with a tiny angle.

Understanding stellar parallax

Turn a star’s annual parallax into a distance in parsecs and light-years.

p = 0.1″Earth, six months apart · angle exaggerated

The idea behind it

As Earth moves around the Sun, a nearby star appears to shift against distant background stars. The annual parallax is half of the total angular shift between opposite points in Earth’s orbit.

The relationship to remember

distance (parsecs) = 1 / parallax (arcseconds)

1 / 0.1 arcseconds = 10 parsecs = 32.62 light-years.

Make your own discovery

Reduce the parallax angle by a factor of ten. The inferred distance increases by the same factor.

Try the interactive lab ↗

What this model leaves out

The standard small-angle parsec relation with exact input. The diagram exaggerates angles and compresses distances. Real measurements include uncertainty and corrections.

Keep wondering

Check your understanding

What is a parsec?

A parsec is the distance corresponding to one arcsecond of annual parallax, approximately 3.26 light-years.

Why are distant stars harder to measure?

Their parallax angles are smaller, so a fixed angular uncertainty represents a larger fraction of the measurement.

Continue with the formula reference or test yourself in space practice.