astronomylabMeet the Moon
The Moon changes. The reason doesn’t.

Moon phase explorer

Move through a lunar month and see how sunlight creates the Moon’s familiar phases.

Moon phase explorerInteractive model
First quarter
Illuminated50%
Lunar age7.38 days
Cycle length29.53 days

Your experiment

(1 − cos(2π × 7.38 / 29.53059)) / 2 = 50% illuminated.

How it works

Illuminated fraction = (1 − cos(2π × age / 29.53059)) / 2

The Sun lights half of the Moon. As the Moon orbits Earth, our viewing angle changes, revealing different fractions of that sunlit half. The repeating phase cycle is a synodic month.

Read the field note ↗

About this model
A mean 29.53059-day cycle, not a precision lunar ephemeris. Date estimates can differ from the actual phase by about a day. The diagram uses a conventional northern-hemisphere orientation; the apparent tilt depends on location and time.

Keep wondering

Moon phase explorer: common questions

Are phases caused by Earth’s shadow?

No. Ordinary phases are changing views of the sunlit half of the Moon. Earth’s shadow causes a lunar eclipse.

Why is the phase month longer than the orbit?

While the Moon orbits, Earth moves around the Sun. The Moon needs extra time to return to the same alignment with the Sun.

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